In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their genetic background and establish corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2020, a total of 707 blood, tissue and fecal samples from 209 domesticated animals were collected in Ili area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, including RNA samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of 12 horses. This data set contains the species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, storage methods and other basic sample information of sheep, horses, cattle, dogs, chickens, geese, goats and other species in Yili area of Xinjiang, and is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the appearance photos of individuals sampled and stored in JPG format.
XU Feng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third polar region), and clarify its genetic background. In 2020, we selected 31 RNA tissue samples from kidney, spleen and jejunum of local commercial chicken and native chicken in Kenya. After extracting total RNA, we established a library and performed transcriptome sequencing. Sequencing produced a batch of 180g transcriptome sequencing raw data. In order to explore the domestication, migration, expansion and other historical events of domestic chicken in Pan third pole area, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to dry and other harsh environment. This data set contains the excel table of basic sample information such as species, breed, sex and phenotype of 31 domestic chicken individuals, and the original data and MD5 value of three tissue transcriptome sequencing of 31 domestic chicken individuals.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, 187 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Chayu County, Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. This data set contains the basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling sites, sample types, collection time, collectors and storage methods of domestic chickens, pigs, cattle, horses, dogs and buffaloes in Chayu County, Linzhi, Tibet, and is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
PENG Minsheng, YIN Tingting
In order to describe the disease situation of the main domesticated animals in and around the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the epidemic situation of the main domestic animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau was investigated, and the genetic samples and intestinal microbial samples of the main epidemic diseases of the main domestic animals were collected. We collected Camel dung at Mohe camel farm, Ulan County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. This data set is the 16S rRNA sequencing data of camel's intestinal microorganism in Qinghai Province. By extracting the total DNA of camel faeces, we designed primers to amplify the v3-v4 region gene fragment of bacteria, and then sequenced the corresponding data with high-throughput of the second generation. 44 samples were sequenced. This data set can be used to mine genetic resources of disease resistant individuals and find corresponding candidate genes.
DUAN Ziyuan
This data is the spatial distribution map of ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan in 2018. The types of features in the map mainly include shelter forests, roads, buildings, lakes and rivers. The data source is four sentinel images in August 2018, with a resolution of 10 meters. At the same time, overlay the vector map of OSM global features. The data set is more accurate after correction. Through visual interpretation and field investigation, the extraction of shelter forest spot has high precision. The data reflects the spatial distribution of urban ecological shelters in Nursultan, the capital of Kazakhstan. At the same time, it has an important reference value for the long-term monitoring of the spatial and temporal pattern of shelter forests.
WANG Yongdong
The content of this data set is the measurements of body weight and body size (body height, body length, chest circumference, tube circumference) of 11 representative yak populations in Qinghai pastoral area at 2018. All the metadata comes from the work of body weight monitoring of yaks in Qinghai pastoral area at 2018, by the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences. The data set is named by “Monitoring Data Set of Body Weights of Traditional Grazing Yaks in Qinghai Pastoral Area (2018)”, consisting of 11 worksheets. The names and contents of worksheets are as follows: 1. Haiyan-Halejing (167 yaks in halejing Mongolian Town, Haiyan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 2. Qilian-Mole (69 yaks in Mole Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 3. Qilian-Yeniugou (42 yaks in Yeniugou Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 4. Qilian-Yanglong (104 yaks in Yanglong Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 5. Qilian-Ebao (28 yaks in Ebao Town, Qilian County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 6. Tianjun-Xinyuan (38 yaks in Xinyuan Town, Tianjun County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 7. Tianjun-Longmen (100 yaks in Longmen Town, Tianjun County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 8. Gande-Ganlong (36 yaks in Ganglong Town, Gande County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 9. Guinan-Taxiu (70 yaks in Taxiu Town, Guinan County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 10. Henan-Kesheng (73 yaks in Kesheng Town, Henan Mongolian Autonomous Country, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture); 11. Ledu-Dala (50 yaks in Dala Town, Ledu District, Haidong City). This data set comprehensively evaluates the growth performance of yaks grazing in alpine meadow under the current ecological environment through the measurement of weight and body size data in the representative areas of Qinghai pastoral area. The data set can be compared with the growth characteristics of representative populations of Qinghai yaks measured in 1981 and 2008 recorded in 1983 and 2013, and the degradation index of growth performance of yaks grazing in Qinghai pastoral area can be obtained, which is helpful to assess the impact of ecological environment changes on the growth and production performance of grazing livestock.
JIA Gongxue, YANG Qien, Tianwei XU
To investigate the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans from Lhasa, 1029 male samples were collected from Lhasa, Tibet. Firstly, SNP genotyping was performed to allocate samples into haplogroups. To further evaluate the genetic diversity of the major Y-chromosomal haplogroup in Tibetan populations from Lhasa, eight commonly used Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were genotyped using fluorescence-labeled primers with an ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). The results indicated that haplogroup D-M174 displayed highest frequency in Lhasa Tibetans (56.56%, the majority of its sublineages were D3*-P99), followed by haplogroups O-M175 (30.71%, with most of the samples belonging to O3a3c1-M117). Another relatively rare lineages in Lhasa Tibetans were N-M231 (5.15%, especially its sublineage N1*-LLY22G), C-M130 (2.62%), R-M207 (2.53%), Q (1.55%), J (0.68%), K-M, and T. Further analysis indicated that the Lhasa Tibetans’ Y chromosome haplogroups have ages within different periods, including >30 kya, LGM, post-LGM, Holocene, indicating occupation of modern humans in different periods.
KONG Qingpeng, QI Xuebin
From April to June 2019, we used both live traps and camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. We set 64 trap lines for small mammals inventory, with a total of 11456 live trap nights. We collected 1061 individuals and 2394 tissue samples of small mammals during the field sampling. We also retrived images of 60 camera traps placed between October 2018 and April 2019. We obtained 4638 pictures of wild animals and 654 captures of anthopogenic activities. The camera traps were reset in the same locations after renew batteries and memory cards. Small mammal data consist of richness, abundance, traits, environmental gradients etc, and could be used to model relationship between environmental gradients and traits concatenated by richness matrix. Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
The data set includes the spatial distribution of grass yield in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017. The gross primary productivity (GPP) of grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was simulated based on the ecological hydrological dynamic model VIP (vegetation interface process) with independent intellectual property of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The net primary productivity (NPP) was estimated by empirical coefficient, and converted it into dry matter, and then the hay yield was estimated by root-shoot ratio. The spatial resolution is 1km. The data set will provide the basis for grassland resource management, development, utilization and the formulation of the strategy of "grass for livestock".
MO Xingguo
This dataset subsumes sustainable livestock carrying capacity in 2000, 2010, and 2018 and overgrazing rate in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 at county level over Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Based on the NPP data simulated by VIP (vehicle interface process), an eco hydrological model with independent intellectual property of the institute of geographic sciences and nature resources research(IGSNRR), Chinese academy of Sciences(CAS), the grass yield data (1km resolution) is obtained. Grass yield is then calculated at county level, and corresponding sustainable livestock carring capacity is calculated according to the sustainable livestock capacity calculation standard of China(NY / T 635-2015). Overgrazing rate is calculated based on actual livestock carring capacity at county level.The dataset will provide reference for grassland restoration, management and utilization strategies.
MO Xingguo
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, a total of 200 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Hotan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This data set contains the basic sample information such as species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors and storage methods of sheep, Muscovy duck, pigeon, domestic chicken, domestic duck, domestic goose, domestic donkey, goat, cattle, domestic dog and other species in Hotan area of Xinjiang, which is stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
XU Feng
According to the genomic data obtained, most of the candidate genes are related to physiological development. In order to study the specific regulatory mechanism of the candidate genes, corresponding functional verification tests are carried out. Therefore, we obtained the corresponding transgenic mice and sequenced the corresponding tissues of homozygous and wild-type samples (22 tissue samples in total, including brain, bone marrow and muscle tissues). Then through the analysis of this batch of transcriptome data, we can improve the functional verification of candidate genes, in order to provide powerful data for understanding the adaptive genetic mechanism of species in different regions and physiological regulation in the process of growth and development.
LI Yan
In order to describe the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify the related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource pool. In 2019, 406 samples of blood, tissue and feces of local main domesticated animals were collected in Luqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. This data set contains the species, varieties, detailed sampling places, sample types, collection time, collectors, storage methods and other basic sample information of sheep, pigs, yaks, chickens, cats, goats and other species in Luqu County, Qinghai Province, which are stored in Excel form. This data set also contains the individual appearance photos of the sample, which are stored in JPG format.
TIAN Fei
In order to analyze how and when it entered the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and explore the relationship between its spread and domestication in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the plateau settlement of early human activities and the ancient Silk Exchange, in June 2018, the research team used three generations of genome sequencing technology to sequence the whole genome and de novo assembly of F1 generation of its self bred varieties in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, and got a genome size of 40 9.69 MB, contig N50 is 1.21 MB. This result can provide genetic basis for studying the relationship between plant diffusion and human activities. At the same time, this study is helpful to reveal the influence of artificial domestication and human selection on the genetic differentiation of cyanine, and the adaptive mechanism of cyanine to adapt to the plateau ecological environment.
DUAN Yuanwen
The data includes the county-level data of characteristic agriculture distribution in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which lays the foundation for the spatial distribution and development of characteristic agriculture in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data comes from the planning documents of each province in the Tibetan Plateau region, such as the development plan of the characteristic agricultural products base of the Tibetan Plateau (2015-2020). The data is the distribution of characteristic agriculture at the county level, including four kinds of agricultural products: highland barley, yak, sheep and wolfberry. The spatialization of main agricultural products of characteristic agriculture at the county level is realized. The time range is set to 2015-2020, referring to the planning and construction time of characteristic agriculture in each province in the data source. The data can be applied to the research on the spatial distribution of characteristic agriculture and the development of characteristic agriculture in the future.
SHI Wenjiao
1) Data content: species list of amphibious and reptile in Tibet, including class, order, family, genus, species; 2) Data source and processing method: Based on the field survey of amphibians and reptiles in Tibet from 2010 to 2019, and recording the species composition and distribution range of amphibians and reptiles in this area; 3) Data quality description: the investigation, collection and identification of samples are all conducted by professionals, and the collection of samples, longitude, latitude and altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data; 4) Data application results and prospects: We selected amphibians and reptiles as model species for study. we obtained data on population size and distribution range, and provide scientific basis for assessing biodiversity pattern and formulating conservation strategies.
CHE Jing
Anthropogenic global climatic changes (GCC) are threatening the biodiversity. To better protect the biodiversity of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), better prediction of the impacts of GCC is essential. Based on long time field surveys and throughly literature studying, we obtained distribution data for 12 endemic amphibian and reptile species of QTP. To control the quality of the data, we only used the species distribution points with genetic data. We build species distribution using the maximum-entropy approach (Maxent). Then we predicted the distribution of potential suitable habitats in future. Our studies are important in biodiversity conservation
CHE Jing
Based on Sanger sequencing technology, we sequenced Hypervariable segments (HVS) of mitochondrial genomes of 258 individuals from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (Northwestern Yunnan). Quality control was conducted based on phylogenetic analysis, which has been proven to be of great help in distilling potential problems such as artificial recombination. By combining mitogenome data from literature, we analyzed the genetic landscape of populations in this region, with special attempts to unravel what kind of factors played the most important roles in this process. Results indicated substantial genetic components that could be traced back to Paleolithic period, likely representing the genetic legacy of initial settlers in southern East Asia. More components, which are prevalent in East Asians, especially in northern China, could also be observed, probably related to the migration of millet farmers from northern China into southwestern China.
KONG Qingpeng
1) data content: distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 2) data source and processing method: based on the list of Amphipoda in Tibetan and its basic database of distribution, including longitude and latitude, altitude, and the ArcView software has been used to make the distribution map of Amphipoda in the Tibetan Plateau; 3) data quality description: sample collection, longitude and latitude, altitude information are checked to ensure the quality of distribution data, all analysts have received strict training in the laboratory; 4) data application achievements and prospects: comprehensively analyze the distribution data, species diversity and genetic diversity of Amphipoda in Tibetan Plateau, discuss the impact of climate change on Amphipoda diversity and the response of Amphipoda to environmental change from the perspective of evolution and genetics, and provide scientific basis for biodiversity assessment and ecological protection in the Tibetan Plateau; 5) legend: brown circles for samples from Tian Shan, pink circles for samples at north side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 2-4 Ma, greeen triangles for samples at south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River with diversification age of 4-6 Ma, yellow circles for samples from Himalayas with diversification age around 3 Ma, orange square for samples from Hengduan Mt. with diversificaiton age of 5-7 Ma, blue circles for samples from east of the Tibetan Plateau.
HOU Zhonge
Combined with the field investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the existing literature, this data set summarizes the species list as well as their geographical distributionof pitvipers in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, including Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. There are 24 species of pitvipers in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, belonging to 8 genera. The number of species distributed accounts for 67% of the total number of pitvipers in China, and 7 species are endemic to the region. In Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet, there are 13 species of pitvipers in Yunnan, and 7 species in Tibet and Chongqing. The data set can provide important data for the biodiversity catalogue of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas.
GUO Peng
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